Stress and suicide risk among adolescents: the role of problematic internet use, gaming disorder and emotional regulation.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have associated videogame playing and social media use with suicidal behaviors together with lower stress coping or poor emotion regulation strategies. Due to the inconclusive evidence regarding the factors associated with suicidal behavior, the present study aimed to overcome the limitations of previous research and explored the relationship between adolescent stress, problematic internet use (PIU), gaming disorder (GD), and emotional regulation (ER) in a cross-section design. It was hypothesized that stress would have a direct effect on suicide risk (SR) as well as being mediated by PIU, GD, and ER. METHODS: The participants comprised 430 adolescents (58.4% male) aged between 16 and 19 years. They completed an online survey including the Mobile-Related Experiences Questionnaire, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, Meta-Mood Trait Repair Scale, and Spanish version of the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 34.2% of the adolescents (N = 147) were at risk for SR. Results also indicated that 30,7% had experienced suicidal ideation at some point in their life, 12.1% had at least one plan to die by suicide, and 5.1% had attempted suicide. Results of path analysis confirmed that stress appeared to be a risk factor for suicide, but that its effects were not mediated by PIU. However, ER and GD mediated the effect of stress on SR. The results suggest that stress is a main risk factor for suicide, especially among adolescents with poor emotional regulation or problematic gaming. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the prevalence of suicide among adolescents, the results of the present study suggest that suicide prevention programs should include emotional regulation strategies, stress coping, and videogaming management skills in the early stages of high school. Providing these protective resources to adolescents will help them face the stressful and changing situations typical of adolescence and will help them to attain greater well-being and satisfaction with life.

The relationship between suicidal behavior and perceived stress: The role of cognitive emotional regulation and problematic alcohol use in Spanish adolescents.

Suicidal behavior has become an important public health problem, correlating with stress and emotional deficits in recent research. This study examined the relationship between perceived stress and suicidal behavior risk, testing the mediating roles of cognitive emotion regulation and impulsivity, and the moderating role of problematic alcohol use in stress-suicidal behavior association in a sample of 121 Spanish adolescents surveyed online. Results showed positive and significant associations between perceived stress and suicidal behavior risk, as well a mediation role of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and a moderation role of problematic alcohol use between perceived stress and suicidal behavior risk, supporting stress as an influential factor in suicidal behavior. Our findings emphasize adaptive emotional regulation strategies in stressful situations, as well as the importance of promoting responsible alcohol consumption to decrease suicide risk in adolescents. Additionally, they contribute to effective educational suicide prevention programs for young people.

Family caregiver emotional distress in advanced cancer: the DME-C scale psychometric properties.

BACKGROUND: Family caregivers of patients with advanced illness at end of life often report high levels of emotional distress. To address this emotional distress is necessary to have adequate and reliable screening tools. AIM: This study analyses the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Family Caregiver Emotional Detection Scale for caregivers of patients with end-stage cancer (DME-C, Spanish acronym) who are receiving palliative care (PC). DESIGN: Multicentre, cross-sectional study. SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS: Family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer at end of life receiving palliative treatment were interviewed to explore their emotional distress through the DME-C scale and other instruments measuring anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), distress thermometer (DT) and overload (B), as well as a clinical psychological assessment (CPA). RESULTS: 138 family caregivers, 85 (61.6%) female and 53 (38.4%) male, with an average age of 59.69±13.3 participated in the study. The reliability of the scale, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.76, and its stability over time was 0.734. Positive, significant correlations were found between the DME-C and the scores for anxiety and depression registered on the HADS scale, as well as with the total result of this latter scale and the results for B, the DT and the CPA. A statistical analysis of the receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that the scale has a sensitivity and specificity of 75%, and that the cut-off point for the detection of emotional distress was a score ≥11. Fifty-four per cent of the caregivers displayed emotional distress according to this scale. CONCLUSIONS: The DME-C displays good psychometric properties. It is simple, short, reliable and easy to administer. We believe that the instrument is useful for the detection of emotional distress in the family caregivers of hospitalised patients suffering from end-stage illnesses and receiving PC.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic: Effects of optimism and uncertainty on distress during the lockdown in Spain / Impacto psicológico de la pandemia de COVID-19: efectos del optimismo y la incertidumbre sobre el malestar emocional durante elconfinamiento en España

The objective of this study is to make a quick assessment of the psychological resources and emotional distress of the general population locked down during the COVID-19 pandemic (in Catalonia, Spain), and to observe their evolution over the course of two waves during lockdown: at two weeks and at one month (April 1th to 3th and April 17th to 19th). The longitudinal study collected data from 29,231 participants aged 18 or older through an online platform who answered questions which evaluated: optimism, uncertainty, perceived competence, self-efficacy, emotional distress, current job situation, sadness and anger in conjunction with sociodemographic variables. The main results indicated that general beliefs about the future, uncertainty, and optimism, together with beliefs about one’s own conduct, such as perceived competence when facing the situation or self-efficacy to maintain routines, could predict the emotional distress experienced by an individual. A clear gender pattern was found. Between the two waves, optimism, perceived competence to manage the situation and self-efficacy to maintain routines decrease, uncertainty grows, and emotional distress remains. Taking these results into account we can prevent possible emotional scars and offer coping strategies to overcome the pandemic and the future situations of confinement in a more efficient way.

El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una valoración rápida de los recursos psicológicos y y el malestar emocional de la población general durante el encierro por la pandemia de COVID-19 (en Cataluña, España), y observar su evolución a lo largo de dos oleadas durante el confinamiento: a las dos semanas y al mes (del 1 al 3 de abril y del 17 al 19 de abril). El estudio longitudinal recopiló datos de 29.231 participantes de 18 años o más a través de una plataforma en línea que respondieron preguntas que evaluaban: optimismo, incertidumbre, competencia percibida, autoeficacia, malestar emoción, situación laboral actual, tristeza e ira y variables sociodemográficas. Los principales resultados indicaron que las creencias generales sobre el futuro, la incertidumbre y el optimismo, junto con las creencias sobre la propia conducta, como la competencia percibida ante la situación o la autoeficacia para mantener las rutinas, pueden predecir el malestar emocional que experimenta un individuo. Se encontró un patrón de género claro. Entre las dos olas, el optimismo, la competencia percibida para manejar la situación y la autoeficacia para mantener las rutinas disminuyen, creciendo la incertidumbre y persistiendo el malestar emocional. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados podemos prevenir posibles secuelas emocionales y ofrecer estrategias de afrontamiento para superar la pandemia y las futuras situaciones de confinamiento de una forma más eficiente.

Caregiver emotional distress: external open-behaviour signs.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether specific external signs of emotional distress (ESED) can be an indirect measure of emotional distress in caregivers. METHODS: A cross-sectional multicentre design was used. 148 primary caregivers of advanced cancer patients attended in four Spanish palliative care units participated in this study. The emotional distress of caregivers was measured using both the Emotional Distress of Caregivers Scale and a psychological interview. Health professionals collected data using a standard clinical interview process after a brief training period. RESULTS: More than half the caregivers (60%) presented with emotional distress. A positive correlation (r=0.566) was found between the intensity of ESED and emotional distress per se. Caregivers who presented emotional distress showed more ESED than those that did not (p<0.01). The study found significant differences for the categories 'visible signs of sadness, fear, crying, feeling overwhelmed' (p<0.001), 'difficulty in separating from the patient: family refuses to let the patient make decisions and insists on care' (p<0.001) and 'visible signs of anger, irritability or frequent disagreement with therapeutic measures' (p<0.001). No significant differences were found with respect to gender. The set of items to measure these external signs presented an adequate reliability assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.773). CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of ESED in caregivers could serve as a useful method to assess their emotional distress. Incorporating the systematic assessment of these external signs as part of the assessment of the emotional distress of primary caregivers could improve the overall assessment and treatment provided to these caregivers.

Exercise Addiction and Muscle Dysmorphia: The Role of Emotional Dependence and Attachment.

Background: Both exercise addiction (EA) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) primarily involve the compulsive practice of physical exercise and are classified as behavioral addictions in different lines of research. These types of addictions are frequently comorbid with other addictive pathologies, such as emotional dependence (ED), which is closely related to childhood attachment. This study is presented to address the scarcity of research relating EA and MD with other behavioral addictions. The aims are to analyze the sex differences found in emotional dependence, attachment dimensions, EA and MD; to analyze the association between EA and MD and other behavioral addictions, such as emotional dependence and attachment dimensions; and to analyze the possible role that childhood attachment plays in mediating the interaction between emotional dependence and EA and MD. Method: The sample comprised 366 participants (54.6% women) aged 17-31 (M = 23.53; SD = 6.48). Results: There are sex differences, with men scoring higher in EA, MD, and ED. The positive relationship between EA and ED (values between 0.16 and 0.28), MD (presenting values between 0.42 and 0.70), and attachment styles based on preoccupation, interference, permissiveness, and value of parental authority (values between 0.11 and 0.14) is highlighted. On the other hand, MD was positively related to ED (values ranging from 0.24 to 0.36) and attachment styles based on the value of parental authority, self-sufficiency, and resentment toward parents (between 0.17 and 0.18), and negatively related to secure attachment (values between -0.13 and -0.18). Likewise, the predictive role of ED and attachment styles in EA and MD was tested. And it was observed how attachment styles mediated the relationship between EA and ED, as well as the relationship between MD and ED. Thus, it has been shown that people with EA and MD present attachment styles that may influence negatively the decision-making process when choosing inappropriate strategies to achieve adequate emotional regulation, even selecting inappropriate goals for physical exercise with negative consequences. Conclusions: The dissemination of the findings among mental health and sports science professionals is necessary to develop prevention and intervention strategies for people affected by EA and MD.

The suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised. Spanish form.

This study consists of a translation, intercultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Suicide Behavior Questionnaire Revised using a sample of 325 undergraduates. Internal consistency, reliability and temporal stability, calculated through Cronbach's alpha (α =.81) and test-retest correlations (ICC =. 88), respectively, were excellent. The criterion-related validity of the SBQ-R was established by correlating SBQ-R with other psychological constructs. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated adequate fit of the measurement model. This SBQ-R Spanish adaptation is a reliable and valid tool that might be useful to researchers and clinicians wishing to identify young people at a high risk of suicide.

Procrastinación académica y riesgo de conducta suicida en jóvenes universitarios: el papel de la regulación emocional / Academic procrastination and risk of suicidal behavior in university students: The role of emotional regulation

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: El suicidio es la primera causa de muerte evitable entre los jóvenes de 15 a 24 años. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de la conducta suicida (CS) en estudiantes universitarios, analizar la relación entre la regulación emocional (RE), la procrastinación académica (PA) y la CS, y si la RE podría actuar como una variable moduladora entre ambas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional transversal con una muestra incidental de 350 estudiantes universitarios de 21.13 años (DT = 6,15) de edad, rango entre los 17 y 28 años, que participaron voluntariamente respondiendo las escalas de procrastinación académica de Tuckman, de conducta suicida revisada (SBQR) y la Subescala de regulación emocional percibida. RESULTADOS: Un 16.3% de los estudiantes presentaba riesgo de CS. Se observaron correlaciones positivas entre la PA y la CS, y negativas entre la RE, la CS y la PA. Los sujetos que presentaban altos valores en RE mostraban menor CS y PA. Las mujeres presentaban mayores niveles de RE. Los análisis de regresión descartaron el posible efecto moderador de la RE entre la PA y la CS, aunque ambas variables (PA y RE) mantenían una relación directa, pero no interactiva con la CS. CONCLUSIONES: La CS presenta una alta incidencia. La RE y la PA tienen un efecto directo sobre la CS. La RE parece ejercer un papel protector de la CS y de la PA. Se propone diseñar programas de aprendizaje centrados en la RE en el ámbito sanitario y educativo

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Suicide is the leading preventable cause of death among young people aged 15-24. The aim of this study was to calculate the prevalence of suicidal behavior (SB) in university students, to study the relationship between emotion regulation (ER), academic procrastination (AP) and SB, and analyze whether the ER could act as a modulating variable of the SB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with an incidental sample of 350 university students of 21.13 years (SD = 6.15) of age and with a range between 17 and 28 years who voluntarily participated in the study. The students answered the Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 perceived emotional regulation subscale, the Tuckman Academic Procrastination Scale and the revised Suicidal Behavior Scale. RESULTS: Sixteen point three percent of the students presented risk of BS. Positive correlations were observed between AP and SB, and negative between ER, SB and AP. Subjects with high ER values showed lower levels of SB and AP. The regression analyses performed discarded the possible moderating effect of ER on AP and BS, although both variables (AP and ER) had a direct but non-interactive relationship with SB. CONCLUSIONS: High incidence of BS among university students was observed. Both ER and AP have a direct effect on SB. ER seems to play a protective role against SB and PA. Emotion regulation learning programs could be designed to promote health and improve education

Procrastinación académica en estudiantes de enfermería. Adaptación española de la Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF) / Academic procrastination in nursing students. Spanish adaptation of the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF)

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar la traducción y adaptación al español de la Escala breve de procrastinación académica (APS-SF) de McClosky/Yockey y determinar sus propiedades psicométricas preliminares de validez y fiabilidad en una muestra de estudiantes de enfermería. MÉTODO: Participaron en el estudio 178 estudiantes de enfermería, 143 mujeres y 35 hombres, que respondieron un cuestionario anónimo y autoadministrado, que contenía datos demográficos, la APS-SF y la escala de procrastinación de Tuckman. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de consistencia interna de 0,87 y un coeficiente test-retest a 2semanas de 0,89. La correlación entre las 2escalas administradas fue de 0,70. En el análisis factorial confirmatorio se observa un ajuste adecuado al modelo unifactorial propuesto para la versión original de la escala. No aparecen efectos suelo o techo significativos en las puntuaciones de la APS-SF. DISCUSIÓN: Los resultados del estudio permiten considerar que la versión española de la APS-SF es un instrumento válido y fiable, que por sus características puede ser de utilidad para evaluar de forma rápida las conductas rocrastinadoras relacionadas con las actividades académicas de los estudiantes de habla hispana

AIM: The aim of this paper was the translation and adaptation to Spanish of the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form of McClosky / Yockey, and to determine its preliminary psychometric properties of validity and reliability in a sample of nursing students. METHOD: 178 nursing students, 143 female and 35 male, participated in the study. They answered an anonymous and self-administered questionnaire, which contained demographic data, the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF) and the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS). RESULTS: A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87 and a two-week test-retest coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. The correlation between the 2administered scales was 0.70. The confirmatory factor analysis shows a suitable fit to the unifactorial model proposed for the original version of the scale. No significant floor or ceiling effects were observed in the APS-SF scores. DISCUSSION: The results of the study seem to confirm that the Spanish version of the Brief Scale of Academic Procrastination is a valid and reliable instrument, which, due to its characteristics, can be useful to quickly evaluate procrastinating behaviours related to the academic activities of Spanish-speaking students

Relación de la procrastinación académica con la competencia percibida, el afrontamiento, la autoestima y la autoeficacia en estudiantes de enfermería / Relationship of academic procrastination with perceived competence, coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy in nursing students

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el papel que pueden presentar, como factores protectores de la procrastinación académica de los estudiantes de enfermería, la competencia percibida, el afrontamiento resiliente, la autoestima y la autoeficacia. MÉTODO: Participaron en el estudio 237 estudiantes de enfermería, 202 mujeres y 35 hombres. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario que contenía las formas españolas de los siguientes instrumentos: Escala de Procrastinación de Tuckman (TPS), Escala de Competencia Personal Percibida (PPC), Escala Breve de Afrontamiento Resiliente (BRCS), Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES) y Escala de Autoeficacia General (GSE). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron coeficientes de correlación negativos y significativos (p < 0,01) entre la escala de procrastinación y el resto de medidas utilizadas. El análisis de regresión lineal identificó la competencia percibida (PPC) como la única variable predictora de la conducta procrastinadora, explicando un 21,5% (R2aj) de la varianza. DISCUSIÓN: Los resultados del estudio ponen en evidencia el importante papel protector que las variables asociadas a la psicología «positiva» tienen sobre las conductas procrastinadoras. Especial relevancia para la teoría y la práctica de la docencia es el resultado que indica el papel predictor de la competencia percibida sobre la procrastinación académica de los estudiantes

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study the role that perceived competence, resilient coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy can have as protective factors of the academic procrastination of nursing students. METHOD: Participants were 237 nursing students, 202 women and 35 men. The participants answered a questionnaire that contained the Spanish forms of the following instruments: Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS), Perceived Personal Competence Scale (PPC), Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). RESULTS: Significant and negative correlation coefficients (p<.01) were obtained between the procrastination scale and the rest of the measures used. The linear regression analysis identified Perceived Competence (PPC) as the only predictive variable of procrastinating behaviour, explaining 21.5% (R2aj) of the variance. DISCUSSION: The results of the study show the important protective role that the variables associated with 'positive' psychology have on procrastination. Of special relevance for the theory and practice of teaching is the result that indicates the predictive role of Perceived Competence on the academic procrastination of students

Academic procrastination in nursing students. Spanish adaptation of the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF). / Procrastinación académica en estudiantes de enfermería. Adaptación española de la Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF).

AIM: The aim of this paper was the translation and adaptation to Spanish of the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form of McClosky / Yockey, and to determine its preliminary psychometric properties of validity and reliability in a sample of nursing students. METHOD: 178 nursing students, 143 female and 35 male, participated in the study. They answered an anonymous and self-administered questionnaire, which contained demographic data, the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF) and the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS). RESULTS: A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87 and a two-week test-retest coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. The correlation between the 2administered scales was 0.70. The confirmatory factor analysis shows a suitable fit to the unifactorial model proposed for the original version of the scale. No significant floor or ceiling effects were observed in the APS-SF scores. DISCUSSION: The results of the study seem to confirm that the Spanish version of the Brief Scale of Academic Procrastination is a valid and reliable instrument, which, due to its characteristics, can be useful to quickly evaluate procrastinating behaviours related to the academic activities of Spanish-speaking students.

Relationship of academic procrastination with perceived competence, coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy in nursing students. / Relación de la procrastinación académica con la competencia percibida, el afrontamiento, la autoestima y la autoeficacia en estudiantes de enfermería.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study the role that perceived competence, resilient coping, self-esteem and self-efficacy can have as protective factors of the academic procrastination of nursing students. METHOD: Participants were 237 nursing students, 202 women and 35 men. The participants answered a questionnaire that contained the Spanish forms of the following instruments: Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS), Perceived Personal Competence Scale (PPC), Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). RESULTS: Significant and negative correlation coefficients (p<.01) were obtained between the procrastination scale and the rest of the measures used. The linear regression analysis identified Perceived Competence (PPC) as the only predictive variable of procrastinating behaviour, explaining 21.5% (R2aj) of the variance. DISCUSSION: The results of the study show the important protective role that the variables associated with 'positive' psychology have on procrastination. Of special relevance for the theory and practice of teaching is the result that indicates the predictive role of Perceived Competence on the academic procrastination of students.

Resilience in Caregivers: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Resilience is a multidimensional construct that explains why people facing the consequences of adversity and stress can have a positive outcome, emphasizing adjustment to experiences that are perceived as threatening. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to review the construct of resilience and associated variables in caregivers of patients with chronic, advanced illness and at the end of life. METHODS: The review included studies published between January 2009 and January 2019, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guide reporting. The Medline, ScienceDirect, HINARI, PsychINFO, and SciELO databases were used for bibliographic exploration to identify research studies that examined the impact of resilience on adaptation and overall well-being in caregivers of patients with chronic and advanced illness. RESULTS: A total of 23 quantitative and qualitative studies were identified whose aim was to describe the role of resilience in adaptation and coping in caregivers. In these studies, resilience was associated with a positive impact on the quality of life and emotional distress. Communication and social support increase resilient coping strategies. In most selected articles, the sampling strategy used was convenience sampling. Data collection used evaluation scales related to resilience and associated variables for quantitative studies, and semistructured interviews were used for qualitative studies. CONCLUSION: Promoting a resilient coping style in caregivers reduces the distress that normally results from illness-related changes in the biopsychosocial and spiritual dimensions. A resilient coping style can diminish the risk of stress and burden, and promote adaptation in the caregiver.

Relación entre inteligencia emocional, afecto negativo y riesgo suicida en jóvenes universitarios / Relationship between emotional intelligence and negative affect on suicide risk in young university students

OBJETIVO: Se analiza la relación entre la inteligencia emocional percibida, el afecto negativo y la satisfacción con la vida, sobre el riesgo suicida en jóvenes. MÉTODO: Un total de 144 universitarios de primer curso de Psicología con una edad media de 17.94 años (DT = 0.269) respondieron a un cuestionario que contenía datos demográficos y las escalas de inteligencia emocional percibida; riesgo suicida, depresión; ansiedad, y satisfacción con la vida. RESULTADOS: Diecisiete estudiantes (11.8%) presentaban riesgo suicida y 8 (5.6%) habían intentado previamente suicidarse. El alto riesgo de suicidio se asociaba a menores niveles de claridad y regulación emocionales y satisfacción con la vida, y altos niveles de ansiedad y depresión. El riesgo suicida correlacionaba positiva y significativamente con el afecto negativo (depresión, ansiedad) y negativamente con la claridad y regulación emocionales, y la satisfacción con la vida. El análisis de regresión indicó que el riesgo suicida era predicho por la regulación emocional (17.2%), la depresión (14.9%) y la satisfacción con la vida (4%), explicando el 36.1% de la varianza. CONCLUSIONES: Sería necesario diseñar intervenciones psicológicas preventivas para reducir la ideación y el riesgo suicida basado en los resultados obtenidos, en especial, en el papel de la inteligencia emocional

AIM: The aim of this work is to analyze the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, negative affect, satisfaction with life, and resilience on suicide risk in youth. METHOD: 144 college students of first year of Psychology with a mean age of 17.94 years (SD = .269) responded to a questionnaire containing demographic data and scales of perceived emotional intelligence; suicide risk, depression; anxiety; and life satisfaction. RESULTS: 17 students (11.8%) had suicide risk and 8 (5.6%) had previously attempted suicide. A high risk of suicide was associated with lower levels of clarity and emotion regulation, resilience and life satisfaction, and high levels of anxiety and depression. Suicide risk significantly and positively correlated with negative affect (depression, anxiety) and negatively with the clarity and emotional regulation and life satisfaction. The regression analysis indicated that suicide risk was predicted by emotion regulation (17.2%), depression (14.9%) and life satisfaction (4%) accounting for 36.1% of its variance. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to design psychological interventions aimed at preventing or reducing suicidal ideation and suicide risk based on the results obtained, particularly regarding emotional intelligence

Desarrollo de la escala "EDSOL" para la detección de la soledad existencial en enfermos al final de la vida / Development of the EDSOL scale for the detection of existential loneliness in patients at end of life

Objetivo: Presentar el desarrollo de la escala de detección de la soledad existencial (EDSOL) en personas con enfermedades avanzadas en tratamiento paliativo. Método: Se describe el proceso de elaboración de la escala Detección de la Soledad Existencial EDSOL. Para ello, 1) se ha revisado la bibliografía existente sobre el tema; 2) se ha establecido un marco teórico de referencia; 3) se han definido los criterios que debía cumplir el instrumento de cribado; y 4) se ha consultado con expertos y enfermos la adecuación de los ítems de la escala. Resultados: Se presenta a la escala EDSOL, que consta de dos partes: 1) tres preguntas dirigidas a los enfermos; y 2) diferentes observaciones realizadas por el personal sanitario acerca de la presencia de signos externos de soledad existencial. La escala final fue revisada por enfermos y profesionales. Conclusión: La escala EDSOL es una herramienta apropiada para identificar la presencia de Soledad Existencial en pacientes al final de la vida. En este caso, se propondrá su uso sistemático en la detección temprana de la Soledad Existencial y la implementación de intervenciones asistenciales específicas (AU)

Aim: This paper presents the development of Detection of Existential Loneliness Scale (EDSOL) of patients with advanced disease/terminal illness that receiving palliative care. Method: The process of preparing the scale is described. For this: 1) the literature on the subject has been revised, 2) theoretical framework has been established, 3) it has been defined the criteria to be met by the screening tool, and 4) the final scale was reviewed by patients and experts. Results: The EDSOL scale consists of two parts: 1) three questions addressed to patients and; 2) several questions addressed to health staff about the observation of external signs of Existential Loneliness. The final scale was reviewed by patients and experts (facie validity) showing good validity. Conclussion: The EDSOL scale will be an appropriate tool for identifying the Existential Loneliness of patients at the end of life or advanced illness. In this case, we will propose the systematic use of EDSOL for early detection and specific interventions on existential loneliness experiences (AU)

Desarrollo de la escala DME-C: una escala para la detección del malestar emocional de los cuidadores principales de personas con enfermedad avanzada o al final de la vida / Development of the DME-C: A scale for detecting emotional distress in primary caregivers of patients living with advanced illness or approaching end of their lives

Se presenta el desarrollo de la Escala de Detección de Malestar Emocional de los Cuidadores principales de pacientes con enfermedad avanzada o terminal que reciben cuidados paliativos (DME-C). Se describe el proceso de elaboración de la escala. Para ello, se ha revisado la bibliografía existente sobre el tema, se ha establecido un marco teórico de referencia y los criterios que debía cumplir el instrumento de cribado que se iba a elaborar. La escala DME-C consta de 2 partes: 1) 3 preguntas dirigidas a los cuidadores, y 2) la observación realizada por el personal sanitario de la presencia de signos externos de malestar emocional del cuidador. La escala final fue revisada tanto por expertos como por cuidadores. La escala DME-C es una herramienta apropiada para la identificación del malestar emocional de los cuidadores. Proponemos el uso sistemático de la DME-C para una detección precoz e intervención específica del sufrimiento emocional

This paper presents the development of the Detection of Emotional Distress Scale in primary Caregivers (DED-C) of patients living with advanced disease or terminal illness who are receiving palliative care. The scale development process is described. For this purpose, literature has been reviewed and a theoretica framework of study as well as the characteristics of the screening tool have been established. The DED-C scale consists of 2 parts: 1) 3 questions addressed to primary caregivers, and 2) the health care professional’s appreciation or observation of any external signs of emotional distress on behalf of the caregivers. The final scale was reviewed by experts and caregivers. The DED-C scale will be an appropriate tool for identifying caregivers’ emotional distress. We propose the systematic use of DED-C for early detection of and specific intervention on emotional distress

Evidence for validity of the brief resilient coping scale in a young spanish sample

The aim of the present study was to provide evidence of validity of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale for use in Spanish young population. A total of 365 university students responded to the Spanish version of the BRCS as well as to other tools for measuring personal perceived competence, life satisfaction, depression, anxiety, negative and positive affect, and coping strategies. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional structure of the scale. Internal consistency reliability and temporal stability through Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest correlations, respectively, were comparable to those found in the initial validation of the tool. The BRCS showed positive and significant correlations with personal perceived competence, optimism, life satisfaction, positive affect (p < .01), and some coping strategies (p < .05). Significant negative correlations were observed with depression, anxiety and negative affect. (p < .01). Multiple regression analysis with stepwise method showed that positive affect, negative affect, optimism and problem solving explained 41.8% of the variance of the BRCS (p < .001). The Spanish adaptation of the BRCS in a young population is satisfactory and comparable to those of the original version and with the Spanish version adapted in an elderly population. This supports its validity as a tool for the assessment of resilient coping tendencies in young people who speak Spanish and offers researchers and professionals interested in this area of study a simple tool for assessing it (AU)

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Evidence for validity of the brief resilient coping scale in a young Spanish sample.

The aim of the present study was to provide evidence of validity of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale for use in Spanish young population. A total of 365 university students responded to the Spanish version of the BRCS as well as to other tools for measuring personal perceived competence, life satisfaction, depression, anxiety, negative and positive affect, and coping strategies. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional structure of the scale. Internal consistency reliability and temporal stability through Cronbach's alpha and test-retest correlations, respectively, were comparable to those found in the initial validation of the tool. The BRCS showed positive and significant correlations with personal perceived competence, optimism, life satisfaction, positive affect (p < .01), and some coping strategies (p < .05). Significant negative correlations were observed with depression, anxiety and negative affect. (p < .01). Multiple regression analysis with stepwise method showed that positive affect, negative affect, optimism and problem solving explained 41.8% of the variance of the BRCS (p < .001). The Spanish adaptation of the BRCS in a young population is satisfactory and comparable to those of the original version and with the Spanish version adapted in an elderly population. This supports its validity as a tool for the assessment of resilient coping tendencies in young people who speak Spanish and offers researchers and professionals interested in this area of study a simple tool for assessing it.

Influencia de la inteligencia emocional percibida y la impulsividad en el abuso de cánnabis en jóvenes / Influence of perceived emotional intelligence and impulsivity in cannabis abuse in young

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel de la inteligencia emocional percibida (IEP) y la impulsividad en el abuso de cánnabis en jóvenes universitarios. Ciento cuarenta y seis universitarios participaron voluntariamente en este estudio y respondieron de forma anónima a preguntas sobre datos demográficos, consumo de cánnabis y alcohol, y a las escalas TMMS-24 sobre IEP, SWLS de satisfacción con la vida y la escala de impulsividad (EI). El abuso de cánnabis se relaciona principalmente con la Atención emocional, el abuso de alcohol y la impulsividad, pero no con la satisfacción vital. Así mismo se observan efectos interactivos entre Atención emocional e impulsividad y éstas con el abuso de alcohol. Los resultados obtenidos se deberían tener en cuenta en el diseño de programas preventivos de consumo de cánnabis así como en los tratamientos de adicción a esta droga

The aim of this study was to analyze the role of perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) and impulsivity in cannabis abuse in young. One hundred and forty six university students voluntarily participated in this study and responded anonymously to questions about demographic aspects, alcohol and cannabis use together with the following scales: TMMS-24 of PEI, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and the impulsivity scale (IS). Cannabis abuse is mainly related to emotional attention, alcohol abuse and impulsivity, but not with life satisfaction. Also, interactive effects have been observed between emotional attention and impulsivity and these with alcohol abuse. These results should be taken into account when designing cannabis prevention and treatment programs

Necesidades de comunicación e información en el paciente oncológico superviviente / Communication needs and information in the cancer survivor

Objetivo: Conocer si los pacientes oncológicos en fase libre de enfermedad o fase de supervivencia tienen necesidades de comunicación e información diferentes a las que puedan presentar pacientes oncológicos en otras fases de la enfermedad. Material y método. Para dar respuesta a este objetivo, se diseñó un cuestionario en el que se evaluaron la frecuencia y la importancia en la que se producen 15 situaciones específicas en la relación médico-paciente, donde se puede facilitar la comunicación e información. En dicho cuestionario también se obtiene información sobre los dos ítems valorados como más importantes por los pacientes. El cuestionario fue administrado mediante una entrevista semiestructurada en las visitas de control de los pacientes. Resultados. La muestra de este estudio está formada por 85 pacientes oncológicos 830 pacientes de fase libre de enfermedad y 55 en otras fases). De forma general, se observa que la puntación obtenida en frecuencia para las situaciones planteadas es, significativamente menor, a la importancia dada por los participantes a las mismas. Además, son los pacientes oncológicos supervivientes, en comparación con los pacientes en otras fases de la enfermedad, los que evalúan, de forma estadísticamente significativa, las diferentes situaciones con una mayor puntuación en importancia. Sin embargo, tanto los pacientes supervivientes como el resto de pacientes coinciden al elegir los ítems relativos a aspectos informativos como los más importantes, en contraste con los aspectos emocionales de la comunicación. Conclusión. Los resultados obtenidos nos muestran la necesidad de ofrecer a los pacientes oncológicos supervivientes una atención continuada donde el estilo de comunicación se centre en las necesidades referidas por ellos, para así, estimular los recursos personales y ayudarles a afrontar los problema biopsicosociales derivados de la enfermedad (AU)

Aim. The main aim of this article is to know whether cancer survivor patients have different communication and information needs in contrast to cancer patients in other stages of the disease. Method. A questionnaire was designed to assess the frequency and importance of 15 doctor-patient situations related to informational and communicational aspects. Information about the most important situations to patients is achieved too. The questionnaire was administered to patients in control session by means of a semi-structured interview. Results. The sample of this study is made up of 85 patients (30 cancer survivors patients and 55 cancer patients in other phase of illness). Generally, the score obtained in frequency is smaller than the score given in importance by participants to the same situations. More exactly, cancer survivor patients consider most important the situations proposed in contrast to cancer patients in other stages. Nevertheless, both sorts of patients choose the informational aspects of the communication, as the most important, in contrast to emotional aspects. Conclusion. The results show the need to provide survivor cancer patients with continuos, specialized and patient-centered care that could help them to cope with biopsychosocial problems derived form the disease (AU)